大家好，这里是湖北理工学院外国语学院英语调频广播台，我是主播郭思齐。《生来即轻，还时亦净》——年仅15岁的少年刘学州在发布一篇7000字绝笔长文后，永远地离开了这个世界。他是死于自杀吗？不，他是死于网络暴力。谁该为网络暴力负责？不少人都在讨伐网络暴民，讨伐媒体，但网络暴力背后的一大推手——社交媒体平台，却被忽视了。刘学州之死，网络暴力的泛滥，网络平台难辞其咎。
首先让我们先来了解一下这篇文章里出现的重点词汇。
taunt [tɔːnt]v.嘲笑；数落
abusive [əˈbjuːsɪv] adj.辱骂的，谩骂的
self-loathing [ˌself ˈloʊðɪŋ]n.自我憎恨
solace [ˈsɒləs] n.安慰；慰藉
anonymous [əˈnɑːnɪməs]adj.匿名
suicidal [ˌsuːɪˈsaɪdəl] adj.有自杀倾向的
forgo [fɔːrˈɡoʊ]v.放弃
eviscerate [ɪˈvɪsəˌreɪt] v.重创某人，沉重打击某人
cyber-bullying[ˈsaɪbərbʊliɪŋ]n.网络霸凌
Who is the Killer of Cyber-bullying
网络暴力，谁是凶手
On a friday night in 2016, Natalie Natividad, a 15-year-old in Hebbronville, Texas, took a fatal overdose of pills after enduring months of cyber-bullying. Most of the alleged taunts—that she was ugly, that she should kill herself—came on After School, an app that allows classmates to discuss one another anonymously.
在2016年一个周五的晚上，住在德克萨斯州希布伦维尔的一名15岁花季少女，娜塔莉·纳蒂维在忍受了长达数月的网络欺凌后，服下致命剂量的药片，与世长辞了。这件事背后牵涉了一款同学之间相互匿名评价的网络软件《放学后》，在软件上娜塔莉受到的大多数嘲笑都是“好丑，不如自杀算了。”
Her suicide prompted an investigation. The app’s operators tracked which accounts had sent the abuse, while officials interviewed teachers and students. “We just want some justice,” said Natalie’s sister shortly after the death. “Whoever is bullying, I hope that they stop.”
娜塔莉的自杀迅速引起了人们对事件的调查，软件运营商追查哪些用户发过辱骂性语言，官员则在老师和学生里进行调查。娜塔莉自杀不久后，她的姐姐说：“我们只是想要拿回一些公道，无论是谁在实施网络暴力，我希望他们能够收手。”
There were no bullies to find. The inquiry revealed that Natalie had secretly sent the abusive messages to herself. Such anonymous “digital self-harm”, as researchers call it, is increasingly common. A study in 2019 found that nearly 9% of American adolescents have done it, up from around 6% in a previous study from 2016, according to an author of both studies, Sameer Hinduja, director of the Cyberbullying Research Centre and professor of criminology at Florida Atlantic University.
让人吃惊的是，根本没有人网络欺凌她，调查结果显示是娜塔莉自己一直在悄悄发侮辱性语言给自己。调查人员称这种匿名“网络自残”现象越来越常见。佛罗里达大西洋大学网络欺凌研究中心主任、犯罪学教授辛杜贾表示，根据2019年的一份报告显示，有将近9%的美国年轻人做过这种事，比起16年另一份报告显示的6%有所上升。教授辛杜贾是两项研究的作者之一。
Why do it? Ana, a 20-year-old from Alabama, says she wanted to see if someone would stick up for her. At 14, she anonymously posted insults about her appearance to Ask.fm, a public question-and-answer site. Then she waited for other people to defend her. Her motivations, to express self-loathing and to get a reaction, are some of the most common among children who abuse themselves online.
为什么会有这种行为呢？一位来自阿拉巴马州的20岁女孩安娜说，她想看看有没有人会为她撑腰。在她14岁的时候，她就已经匿名在一个公众问答网站Ask.fm上匿名发帖谩骂自己的外貌；随后等待看看有没有人会为她辩护反驳。安娜表达自我厌恶以求获得别人关注的这种行为动机在网络自我虐待的儿童中是最常见的。
About a third say digital self-harm achieved what they had hoped for. Riel, a university student in Georgia, says it was a useful way to counter other online abuse.
其中这群儿童当中大约有三分之一表示通过自我伤害，达到了自己的目的。里亚是乔治亚洲的一名大学生，他说这是一种对抗其他辱骂的有效方式。
Online,where posts can lead their own viral lives and everything leaves a trail,words can be eviscerating. Often the only defence victims have is to delete their online profiles entirely. But that means forgoing a way to interact with others in a positive way.
在网络世界，帖子可如病毒一般传播泛滥，一切都留有痕迹，那一行行文字同样可诛人心。网络霸凌的受害者往往只能通过完全清空线上个人信息来保护自己，但这同时也意味着他们放弃了此种与他人积极互动的渠道。
Bullying happens where young people spend their time—at present, mainly Instagram, Snapchat, Facebook and WhatsApp. In South Korea the most likely venue is Kakaotalk, the country’s most popular messaging app. A widely suggested “solution” is to forbid teenagers from particular platforms. But then they will migrate to another.、
网络霸凌多见于年轻人聚集的社交应用，现今较为流行的有Instagram、Snapchat、Facebook以及WhatsApp。而韩国年轻人的主要聚集地则是Kakaotalk，这也是该国最受欢迎的即时通讯应用。呼声众多的一个网络霸凌“解决方案”是禁止青少年使用某些社交应用，但霸凌随之又会出现在在其它的平台。
Facebook this week announced new ways for users to avoid “unwanted, offensive or hurtful experiences”. They will be able to delete or hide a whole set of comments at once. And it will be easier to report bullying anonymously, including on another’s behalf. But bullied teenagers are unlikely to find solace in any of this. A recent survey in Britain found that 70% of them thought that social-media companies do too little to prevent bullying.
本周，Facebook颁布新举措，帮助用户避免“不想要的、有冒犯性或有伤害性的社交体验”。对于所涉评论，用户可快速删除或隐藏。此外，匿名举报网络霸凌(包括替他人举报)也更加容易。但对于那些受到霸凌的青少年而言，此类举措很难提供慰藉。近期英国一项调查发现，在被霸凌的青少年群体中，70%认为社交媒体公司在防霸凌方面作为甚少。
今天的分享到这里就结束了，谢谢大家的收听。想要获取音频回放以及更多完整版稿件，请到湖北理工学院外国语学院英语语言学习示范中心自行了解http://sfl.hbpu.edu.cn/sfzx/cxxm/dpgb.htm，今天的分享就到这里，我是主播郭思齐，我们下次见。
